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There is a very good piece in this week's New Yorker about the terrible crash last summer on a new high-speed rail line in China and what it reveals about that nation's careless kleptocracy. Highly recommended. (Subscription NOT required.)
It's also mindful of the chicanery and corruption involved in our transcontinental saga of 1866-1869.
Posts: 2236 | From: Evanston, Ill. and Ontonagon, Mich. | Registered: Feb 2007
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I'm sorry . . . that was LAST week's New Yorker. Just got around to it yesterday.
Posts: 2236 | From: Evanston, Ill. and Ontonagon, Mich. | Registered: Feb 2007
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It turns out that it IS this week's (Oct. 22 date) issue. Never mind.
My wife put the issue (which came in Tuesday) on the pile of yesterday's mail, so . . .
Posts: 2236 | From: Evanston, Ill. and Ontonagon, Mich. | Registered: Feb 2007
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Thanks for the heads-up on that Chinarail article, Henry- I'll look it up for sure. I have a China trip in the offing within the next half year, and most definitely will try to use a few trains while there.
There is a brand new "undersea" tunnel that my Chinese friends are dying to take me through by bus or car; it takes 10 minutes at a brisk clip (50-60 MPH?) to traverse this tube (in the Shandong/Liaoning province, I believe.)
Just hoping for no earthquake to rumble along, while I'm in the "bore."
Posts: 588 | From: East San Diego County, CA | Registered: Oct 2004
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The New Yorker piece had much of the cutesy people stuff. To have called this whole thing an issue relevant to high speed rail is not correct. The line these trains were on was fairly new and electrificed, but it was not a true high speed line. In fact, the Beijing to Sahnghai line is primarily an upgrade of an existing railroad line, not a new high speed railway. Here are a couple of article from the international railway trade press which give some worthwhile information.
Some information put together from multiple sources not long after the accident:
July 23, 2011 collision between high speed trains in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
General:
Note: The line is not a dedicated high speed railway, but a mixed purpose new line.
China’s railways operate left-handed despite driving on the right-hand side of roads.
Three railway officials were fired immediately following the accident.
Damaged equipment has been removed, either to Wenzhou South Station or other sites not given.
The line was returned to service on July 25. Premier Wen Jiabao has promised a full investigation.
The true cause and cascade of events leading to this collision is unlikely to ever be clearly explained, despite the statement made by the Premier. It appears that the fault will primarily be laid on the Railway Ministry for malfeasance, incompetence, and failure of staff to act properly under abnormal conditions.
The line is known as the Yongtaiwen Railway. It opened on September 28, 2009 between Ningbo East and Fuzhou South, 564 km (350 miles). By rail, Ningbo is 333 km (207 miles) south of Shanghai. The line is double track, designed for mixed traffic operation and a maximum passenger train speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). (From timetables and the Railway Gazette)
Track: Track is ballasted track, including on long viaducts (based on pictures)
Train Control System: The line is equipped with lineside signals overlaid with CTCS-2 to provide automatic train protection. This has a similar functionality to ETCS Level 1, using balises to provide intermittent updates to the on-train equipment. (Source: Railway Gazette)
Equipment: (from the Railway Gazette and elsewhere)
Train D3115: The first train, running Hangzhou to Fuzhou. 16-car CRH1-046B EMU
Train D301: The second train, running Beijing to Fuzhou. 16-car CRH2-139E EMU
Passenger loading: 1072 passengers on D3115 and 558 passengers on D301
Accident location: km585.70 (source and reliability unknown)
Station north: km570.68 Yongjia Station south: km588.86 Wenzhou South
Wenzhou South is 270 km (168 miles) south of Ningbo East. The collision occurred about 3.2 km (2.0 miles) north of Wenzhou South Station. At this location the track is on a 15 to 20 meter (50 to 65 feet) high viaduct located between the crossing of the Oujiang River and a short tunnel through Daping Mountain. (From accident scene photographs and Google maps and aerial views)
Pre-accident events and chronology: The description and chronology of events leading up to the collision were given by multiple sources, not all of which are in agreement or compatible with each other.
The time of the collision was 8:30pm Saturday July 23, 2011 local time, give or take a few minutes. (This is 7:30am Saturday July 23 US Central Time.)
That lightening struck train D3315 as some sources stated, appears to be incorrect. Whether by lightning strike or other cause, there was a signal and train control system failure or malfunction on the northern approach to Wenzhou South, the length of affected area not clearly stated.
The Railway Gazette states, "…train D3115 between Hangzhou and Fuzhou had apparently been brought to a stand by a lightning strike further along the line. Around 20 min later it was hit from the rear by Beijing – Fuzhou train D301…"
From the China Daily of July 28, 2011: "After being struck by lightning, the signal system at the Wenzhou South Railway Station failed to turn one of its green lights to red, which caused the rear-end collision, said An Lusheng, head of the Shanghai Railway Bureau, at an investigatory meeting held by the State Council, or China's cabinet, in Wenzhou."
A more detailed and also fairly reasonable scenario was found, but it does not agree with the statement in the Railway Gazette and elsewhere that train D3115 was stopped for 20 minutes.
This scenario is as follows: Time _ Event 19:39 - Signals near Wenzhou South were found to be malfunctioning, all showing red. 19:51 - D3115 arrived at Yongjia (18 km [11 miles] north of Wenzhou South) 4 minutes late 19:53 - A decision was made that the signals were to be over-ridden and manual operation commenced controlled from the Wenzhou South control center 19:55 - Manual operation commenced from Yongjia control center 20:06 - D301 was informed of manual operation and made an unscheduled stop at Yongjia at 20:12 (this would make it approximately 38 minutes late) 20:15 - D3115 departed from Yongjia 27 minutes late, instructed to run past red signals at 20 km/hr (12.4 mph) 20:22 - D301 was given the clear to proceed 20:23 - D3115 reached the start of signal failure area and stopped 20:24 - D301 departed from Yongjia at high speed, with his signals all showing clear (9 minutes after the departure of D3115. This would make it approximately 50 minutes late) 20:25 - D3115 began running towards Wenzhou South at 20 km/h 20:30 - D3115 driver reported a passenger operated emergency stop, unaware that the stop was because his train has just been rear-ended.
Discussion:
Assuming an approximate 3.0 minutes run time for the 3.2 km between the accident point and Wenzhou South Station, at the time of the collision train D3115 would have been 36 minutes late and train D301 would have been 45 minutes late.
Assuming the times in the above chronology are correct, the average speeds over the 14 km between Yongjia and the collision point were: Train D3115, 15 minutes = 60 km/h = 37 mph Train D301, 6 minutes = 150 km/h = 93 mph
At impact the train speeds were:
Train D3115: either stopped or 20 km/h (12.4 mph), with 20 km/h being more likely.
Train D301: variously reported as being “around 90 km/h” (56 mph) to “very high.”
Upon impact, train D301 rode up over the top of train D3115. All cars off the bridge were part of train D301. All cars of train D3115 remained on the structure, with the last car significantly damaged and the top crushed in. The next to last car had significant damage.
The first 3 cars of train D301, including the driving car went completely off the structure to the ground. The fourth car ended up on end leaning against the structure at an angle of about 15 degrees from vertical. The fifth car of D301 stopped about half over the top of the last car of train D3115. This indicates a stopping distance of about 110 meters (360 feet) for train D301.
Injuries and fatalities:
Based on the July 28 article in the China Daily reporting Premier Wen Jiabao’s site visit, the official toll has become set at 39 deaths and 192 injuries. These numbers are likely to be significantly understated given the obvious equipment damage and the reported passenger loading. This understatement is probably deliberate since it has been reported that the word has come down that official pronouncements are not to be questioned.
There were reports and discussions floating around on the attempts of the government to control information and responses to those attempts as follows: No idea of the relative truth or fiction of the following.
The Central Propaganda Department issued directives to media on Sunday for coverage of the accident.
"The major theme for the Wenzhou bullet train case from now on will be known as 'in the face of great tragedy, there’s great love'," the department said, according to a copy of the directives posted on a web site called the "ministry of truth", that regularly posts copies of government orders.
"Do not question, do not elaborate."
Reporters with state media who saw the directives confirmed to Reuters the propaganda department's media guidance on the crash.
The department also told media not to "investigate the cause of the accident”", and reminded journalists that "the word from the authorities is all-prevailing".
Accounts of the media controls soon found their way onto the Internet, sparking debate and demands from ordinary Chinese for answers to questions not found in the official accounts.
"We have the right to know the truth!" wrote one microblogger called kangfu xiaodingdang. "That's our basic right!"
Compounding the problem, the state-run Xinhua news agency said late on Sunday that eight additional bodies had been found, bringing the death toll to 43. But a Railways Ministry spokesman then said the total figure was actually 35.
On Monday, the official count stood at 38. Seeking to assuage public anger, the government sacked three middle-level railway officials on Sunday. The media directives appear to show a government hoping to contain the outrage.
Any attempt to link the crash to the reliability of China’s much feted high-speed rail system was off-limits, according to the department.
Posts: 2808 | From: Olive Branch MS | Registered: Nov 2002
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